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| In 1903, the Packard brothers moved their auto manufacturing operation from Ohio to Detroit and began rolling out their version of the automobile. It was in this same year that Henry Ford perfected the assembly line transforming the auto industry forever. Unlike Ford’s ideal of making every car affordable, the Packards were out to give everyone who could afford a top of the line automobile his or her own luxury car. The brothers contracted Albert Kahn, one of the great industrial architects of the last century. Kahn, who also built Ford’s Highland Park T-plant, would invent an entirely new design for the automakers facility. The Packard Plant, which spans an incredible 36 acres, was built with brick and reinforced concrete – something never before tried in industrial architecture. Large support columns were used so that workspaces would be wide open and large windows were used to take advantage of natural light. Ultimately, the Packard Automotive Company fell on hard times and closed. Over the next five decades 50 or so small businesses would call the sprawling factory home, now just one lone holdout remains. |
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At one point Packard had other buildings throughout the Metro Detroit area, including a test track in Utica, and a factory on the Detroit River across from Belle Isle; long since razed. The main factory and primary production plant, however, was on East Grand Boulevard; if you have ever had the fortunate experience of riding in a Packard, it was likely made here. By the 1950s the future of Packard Motor Co. was shaky at best. In the end, Packard could not compete with the more established and better-funded Chrysler and General Motors brands. In 1955 the Studebaker Automotive Co. purchased Packard and its massive industrial complex. 1957 was the last year the Packard nameplate was manufactured; beyond that point all the cars made here were produced as Studebakers. Finally, by 1962 Studebaker decided to exit the automobile industry altogether; the last car rolled of the line later that year. After the carmaker shut down, the space was slowly filled and partitioned off for various tenants who manufactured anything from conveyers for new factories, electrical components, stampings, and even electro plating.

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| Today, there is only one tenant left in the entire complex, Chemical Processing Inc. It's a chrome plating shop located on the south side of the factory. Most of the former remaining businesses were forced out by the City of Detroit in an unsuccessful attempt to condemn the building and tear it down in the late 1990s. In 2007 the city lost a critical court case that would have transferred control of the property and given them more control of its future. Regardless of who controls the complex one thing is certain: toxic contaminants ranging from PCB’s to other hazardous carcinogens plague the property. In one area a set of green barrels filled with chemicals slowly leaks into the ground soil. The toxic brew is so harsh it can make your eyes burn just from being in the same room. |
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The roof of the Southwest side has collapsed in multiple places. From the top of the elevator housing there is an eye opening view revealing just how massive the Packard compound truly is. A bridge, attached on the third floor, leads to the east side of the factory over Bellevue Street. The eastern portion of Packard contains the main concourse that leads to just about any part of the old factory. Large rooms branch out from the main concourse where workers once assembled cars.

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The Packard is almost indescribable to those who have not seen anything like it. For almost a half mile, though opening after opening one can pier into the insides of the factory. People, mostly scrappers and graffiti writers can be seen there on most days. In particular places there is almost no free space left to write on. As far as graffiti goes, it’s a good place to throw down. Many crew over many years have turned the Packard Plant into the most covered street art gallery in Detroit. Just walking through the Southside one can see hundreds if not thousands of colorful pieces of spray can art. |
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The Norfolk Southern Railroad still has a set of tracks on the west side of the factory. Currently it is mostly unused, but this once was the primary railroad link between Milwaukee Junction in midtown, and the industrial zone located along the Detroit River. Nestled behind the tracks are the remains of a historical cemetery containing tombstones dating back to the 1860s. Also adjacent to the tracks, a part of the Packard that makes up a large room that was used to load and unload trains. Another set of tracks branches off leading inside through a pair of doors large enough to accommodate railcars. Constructed tall and open, including windows high above that allow bright daylight inside, this room would have been a hive of activity as workers processed raw materials and shipped out finished cars. Overhead cranes allowed workers to quickly load and unload materials from the railcars. |
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Another one of the large rooms located on the south end has often been a place for the homeless to squat in third world style shanties constructed from garbage. At the far end of the room is a set of stairs leading to a basement. You can’t really go far below because of a broken water main. This huge broken pipe constantly gushes thousands of gallons of water into the Packard’s basement. The force is so great it actually sounds like a rushing river. Day and night it erodes away at the ground that the factory was built on. I know for a fact that this water main has been broken for at least five years, perhaps longer. All that water is going somewhere, sweeping away the ground and likely creating a massive sinkhole that one-day may consume the structure. |
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On another day, the same crew was working in this section of building when I happened to be on my way out. There were uniformed police officers in the alley arguing with one of the men. I was stuck inside until the cops left, so I quietly waited on the first floor of the building across the alley. At some point they resolved their issues. The next thing I know, the cops were gone, and the scrappers continued their business like nothing happened. At that time, there was still a good portion of roof intact, but now it is virtually gone. Just brick walls left waiting to collapse with the absence of support. Some day the scrappers will take the bricks too. A nearby scrap yard on Chene pays ten cents for every brick. It's a lot of work, but an option for those desperate enough to need it.  |
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Large portions of the building constructed as ground-floor warehouse space are now mostly missing. I have witnessed scrappers working here on numerous occasions over the past years. There is no doubt a professional crew is dismantling the Packard, piece by piece. Observing from two or three floors up, I had a perfect view of a crew at work one day. They were not just removing pipes and wires; they were actually demolishing the building, stealing the roofing and frame itself. On this day, there were three pickup trucks being filled with scrap, at least five or six people working, including a couple guys who had climbed the beams to use torches on the heavy I-beams. Other workers were breaking the larger pieces down and loading them into the trucks. Guard dogs were close by providing security for these criminals while they were hard at work looting the historic Packard plant.
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The Packard is filled with the artifacts of Detroit’s underworld. Everything from cars, boats and trailers are taken to the Packard to be stripped and then set on fire. The biggest dangers in the entire place it that from accidental encounters with these car thieves. Many of them use the ramp on the North end of complex to bring the stolen automobiles inside and out of sight. Recently one group of urban tourists made headlines when they decided to push a stolen burnt up dump truck off the fourth floor of the building. I’m not sure what this supposed to accomplish but it did look cool on video.

Dogfights are also a sad reality at the Packard. I have never seen a fight myself, but it is clear that they are occasionally held here. On the second floor we came across a square wall of unsecured cinder blocks forming a ring about 10' to 15' across. There was a blood-covered tarp inside, bloody paw prints, and ropes keeping an area clear near the ring. The only conclusion is that this space was used for dogfights. On a later visit, the fighting ring was taken down, but I would not be surprised to see this activity again. I hate to say it, but this is a good spot for that sort of thing. 
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Making way through the Packard you may notice that the factory once had hardwood floors like the ones you would see in your house. As time passed, the wooden floors have absorbed moisture from the air, swelling up and buckling away from the concrete sub floor. Other parts of the building have wooden blocks instead. The blocks were used because of their ability to absorb oil, grease and other spilled fluids, and, most importantly they reduced noise and vibration. It was easy and cheap for workers to swap out the tarnished blocks with fresh ones when spills occurred.
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The Packard is clearly a place where you will find shady activity any day you go. It’s a place to scrap, paint, strip cars, turn tricks, sell drugs, fight dogs; it was even once a place for underground rave parties. But for a lot of people it's a place to take a walk, shoot some pictures or just enjoy a nice day. Even though the Packard has been doomed for some time, it is still a dynamic place that is constantly changing. When I walk around here I try to imagine what it looked like when it was operating, when it was filled with workers and machines and parts. I often think about what they would make of all this. What they would say about some of the things that now go on inside the complex. Now that they are all gone the Packard is nothing more than a ruin in which we can gaze upon our past, now merely a symbol of Old Detroit; a Detroit that is truly gone forever.
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Unlike the pieced together make up of the south end, the north side of Packard is a vertical cavern of offices, assembly lines, and workspace. Stretching five to six stories in some areas, and hundreds of yards deep, it’s easy to see why this was such a prolific factory for its day. Workers, tradesman and office personal all toiled day in and day out on the grounds of the luxury auto facility. Today she is now home too much more devious and dishonest trades. The “Swiss cheese” appearance of the Packard is largely due to scrap thieves and the local biker gang. The Wildcat Motorcycle Club attracts bikers who use the vacant rooms of Packard like rooms of a seedy motel. The club’s old ladies or prostitutes turn tricks in the entrances of garages along Concord. Some years ago while exploring with two friends, we managed to become separated, and in the process of finding our other friend we stumbled upon a sight I’ll never forget. In a large room full of decaying boxes and garbage I spied two fat naked white people. A portly man with a couple tattoos and what appeared to be his “old lady”. They were shocked to see us as well and just simply froze in place. The man in his underwear, and the nude woman who was sitting up on a table just stared back at us and said nothing. I looked at my friend; we silently agreed it was time to go and promptly turned and left. We managed to run into these people no fewer than three times before leaving that morning. One time crossing paths in the tight confines of a dead end stairwell, and not once were they wearing any shoes, just underwear. |
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While exploring the north end of the Motor City Industrial campus, an absolute must-see is the epic nine-story, 360-degree view from the highest point in the complex that remains standing. Simply referred to as “High Point,” it gives one the opportunity to see Packard from above, allowing mental maps to be made of what is still out there to explore, and what is checked off the list. This stunning reference point is what has allowed us to spy, and track others that we encounter. Sometimes it’s to keep a safe distance; other times it’s simply the fun of observing. On one occasion a friend and I had decided to stay overnight. We explored the building during a wild thunderstorm. Between the showers, a full moon provided ample light for us to walk around, allowing us to maneuver quietly and covertly through the shadows. That night we tracked not only scrappers but also a large group of urban explorers.
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Directly above the bridge that crosses over from south to north, there is an oddly shaped room of angled windows. A large section of windows and framing that face due east is missing. What this room was used for is beyond me, but over the years of coming back to this point it has become my personal favorite place in the summer. As if the earth was uninhabited for many years the plants, moss, and wildlife have completely overtaken this structure. Faint light and constant moisture provide the right environment for dark green moss and ivy to spread out over a reddish clay like floor. The large missing window on the east side of the room offers a serene view of a sleepy East side Detroit. |
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| A few small sapling trees grow directly from a crack in the cement floor creating something reminiscent of a Japanese tranquility garden. The room that is directly attached to this peaceful area couldn’t be more opposite. Like a scene from some nightmare, wood planks with rusty nails are tossed in heaping piles halfway to the ceiling. This room is only about 30 feet across, but stretches close to 500 feet or more. Several small boats are also tossed into these heaps of timber. Walking through this area was quite a challenge the first few times I tried. This is the longest single section of building and large shoots in the floor called hoppers were used to transfer cars from floor to floor all while staying on the assembly line. |
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| At the farthest north entrance in this section is a garage doors along a large concrete ramp. The ramp winds back and forth up to each floor going all the way to the roof, allowing for cars to have been stored on the roof tops of the old automotive plant. This also makes the Packard a criminal's dream. With no one watching the entryway of the building, thieves have been using the ramp either to strip cars in various tucked away rooms, or to dump trash. Cars, boats and trailers sit in various states of decomposition and vast amounts of the strangest junk lie in heaping piles taller than eight feet high. A stack of TV guides from 1987 dumped on one floor number in the tens of thousands. Piles of discount shopper catalogs, and clothes bundled tightly together form small mountains. |
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The Packard complex is made up of a vast amount of broken up space. This once helped the complex to grow and adapt during its operation. This also helped the Packard plants resurgence during the 1990s as “Splatball City,” a paintball heaven. It was opened in approximately 1992 and remained running for some time. Its lifespan is not exactly known, but it was officially open for at least three or four years. Even after it closed, renegade paint ballers were still using it heavily. Playing their games in the dark, some rounds would last all night long and into the morning. It has obstacles like no other course in the world. From historic old cars and military vehicles, to junk and debris, anything and everything was game. This included the collapsed sixth floor of one section in north Packard. The collapsed area was the base that one team would use during games of capture the flag. Intense night games were often played here. Accounts of it confirm that this was a hardcore paintball facility in all respects.
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In 1996 Richie Hawtin released a track on his “ Artifakts” EP simply titled “Packard.” The 12-minute arraignment pays homage to the place that made Hawtin a household name in Detroit and captures the mood and intensity of this dark place in the songs slow throbbing bass lines.The Packard is however most notorious for its illegal rave parties. During the height of Detroit Techno’s underground days, acid-fueled all night parties ragged till dawn and beyond. Speakers, lights, and equipment were all powered from stolen electricity and generators, and the police were paid with cold cash. Parties at Packard were larger-than-life. Attendees of these raves took ecstasy and danced on dirty warehouse floors, no need for frills or dance club politics… that’s not the Detroit style. Of these parties the most prominent historical events to take place there were the annual “Syst3m” & “Poor Boy” events along with, “Pathtom”, and Richie Hawtin’s epic “Spastik” party. The building became a favorite with Detroit artists for its symbolism, among other reasons, and was used multiple times. Events at the Packard complex became the stuff of Detroit legends, and still to this day are looked at as the peak of the underground rave culture in Detroit. |
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The 1930s Packard car that was left on the grounds for nearly 70 years is longer there. Though it was covered in rust, and the interior was completely rotted away, the chrome and other engine parts were in surprisingly good shape and shortly after the city lost its lawsuit to take control of the property, the car was stolen.
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There are simply so many places to see and things to explore inside the Packard complex that it is truly hard to come up with the words that can place the factory in perspective. Its importance to this city and its people was so large that its death is iconic and symbolic of the struggle in Detroit. Pillaged and decaying, the foundation is crumbling underneath; it looms like a carcass of a hollowed prehistoric beast. Systematically being dismantled in the conquest for precious metals, the Packard is already becoming a thing of the past. If there is no intervention to the situation soon, the entire structure will be gone. It will soon be nothing more than a completely worthless pile of bricks, concrete, and glass. Sewer damage and PCB contamination from all of the toxic materials will cost millions for the city to clean up…if it can ever afford to. Honestly, part of me will be satisfied if the site is never cleaned up and I can continue photographing and documenting the area for the next few years. The other part of me very much wants some miracle to happen and see the industrial revolution take hold again, but…I live in reality and know it is most likely to sit stagnant for quite some time. For now the Packard is ours to explore. |
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