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| Of all the buildings in the Detroit skyline, the Wurlitzer may be one of the most recognized and least appreciated renaissance era structures. Its plain, solitary tower jettisons from the street to a height of 14 stories. Other than the ornamental stonework on its face, there is not much to say about the construction of the Wurlitzer. Its large narrow rectangular body was likely very limiting as far as what could be done on the inside. What it lacks in appeal the Wurlitzer makes up for in visibility and history. Most Detroiters don’t give the building much thought as they pass by it on their way to Comerica Park or Ford Field. Highly visible though, the Wurlitzer’s name is spelled out in black tile on the tops of both the north and south face. These tiles have stood the test of time rater well; in fact, they are so clean and crisp that they look new even today. Towering over Broadway Street, The Wurlitzer continues to be a thorn in the side of local developers. |
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The once-neglected Broadway area has seen a resurgence in the past five years with new businesses and restaurants taking hold. Despite the efforts on Broadway Street, no plans have been made as to the fate of the Wurlitzer. Accent lights now point vertically along its front face, as not to give away that it too is indeed another scuttled building rotting away in the nation’s eleventh largest city.
The name Wurlitzer came from the founder Rudolph Wurlitzer. Rudolph was a German immigrant whose family settled in the Cincinnati area. The Wurlitzer family made a living by producing high quality musical instruments in Saxony before their migration to the United States. In 1856, once settled in the industrial midwest, Rudolph established the Wurlitzer Company. The Company sold imported musical instruments from back home and later moved on to manufacturing its own brand of pianos and organs. The Wurlitzer Co. opened new sales offices across the country as demand for their pianos took off, largely due to the rise of the motion picture industry now offering music accompaniments to black and white silent films. In Detroit and across the country Wurlitzer became the favored organ of movie theaters and churches, building some 2,000 organs before 1944. In Detroit alone they had installed 86 organs, including ones at the Fox, and the United Artist Theaters. |
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By the mid-1930s the depression and the advent of talking pictures and film sound caused a decline in demand for Wurlitzer organs and the market itself. This turn in economics and technology forced the company to seriously look into the invention(s) of another midwesterner. An Indiana man named Homer Capehart had gained notoriety for his device that auto-mechanically changed records on a turntable. The invention caught the attention of Wurlitzer’s young son who purchased the technology from Capehart. Soon after this acquisition, Wurlitzer was manufacturing its world famous Wurlitzer Jukeboxes. By taking advantage of the size of 78rpm format discs, and later 45’s, which were popular in that era, the jukebox became the first portable, compact disc player. Because of its novelty, relatively small size, and ability to keep current with changing music, Jukeboxes became an instant hit with businesses of the 40s and 50s. The jukeboxes not only brought young people swarming to local businesses but the player itself made money all night as kids danced to now nostalgic tunes |
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In the early part of the 1940s, during America’s involvement in WWII, all manufacturing of jukeboxes was stopped to allow more raw materials to be used in the war effort. Once the war was over, the operation started back up and again the company enjoyed tremendous success as it controlled the majority share of the jukebox market. This particular Wurlitzer building in Detroit represented the company’s name in Motown and was one of the flagship sales offices for the company. Once America’s fascination with jukeboxes weaned and music manufacturers started producing formats like 8-trak, then cassettes, interest in the now antique machine subsided. Formats like 8-trak were not compatible with the jukebox’s compact nature. The Wurlitzer Company began to loose momentum. |
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Failing to keep up with more modern advances in music, the company refocused its operations in the vending machine industry and now produces things like cigarette and soda machines, as well as continues to lease and market the Wurlitzer name to replica companies
Replica pictures show at bottom

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During the summer of my second year in the city I was watching the transformation of the neighborhood along Broadway Street. Roads were being widened, the Opera House parking garage was being torn down and the Boil Family YMCA was being erected. The Wurlitzer building looked all but a goner back then. I watched and walked past every day, checking to see when she would be open. I got my chance in the late summer of that year. I noticed the lock had been tampered with. The door was closed. but definitely unlocked. During a daytime thunderstorm I couldn’t resist and walked back. With my umbrella concealing my intentions, I pulled the door wide-open and looked inside for a minute then left.
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I wanted to see if there was a second door reinforcing the entryway. There wasn’t; it was wide open. I returned to my apartment and made plans. I knew this was pretty easy as far as entry -- it was wide open, but that also meant someone else may have been taking up residency inside.
That night I had a couple friends join me. We took our time slowly pacing up and down the block for about 10 minutes or so. Because it was a weeknight, traffic and pedestrians were not much of an issue. We waited till the streets were clear. I pretended to talk on my cell phone as my two buddies went in first; I followed after I confirmed that no one had seen them enter. I pulled the door closed tightly and secured it with a piece of wire hanging on the wall nearby. It appeared this is what the local homeless had been doing for their own security… So, when in Rome or Romanesque ruins… Once inside the entry was familiar, as they all are. Mold, asbestos, and decay lingered in the air. The one time focal point of the lobby, its beautiful marble stairs were hideously obscured by the tacky interior décor. Original brick walls were covered over by cheap wood paneling and the expensive Terrazzo marble floors were carpeted over with a funky green material. The mezzanine level looked like some awful rendition of a 1970s roller-skating rink complete with multi-colored striping. The cluttered look of the two lower floors gave the impression that this place was badly managed in its last few decades. Fire safety violations, among other obvious construction no-no's, were everywhere. |
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| Aside from the lobby and some various odds and ends (mostly in the salon), this building was pretty empty. Each floor had just enough debris to make it worth looking around. We played with a mannequin that was left behind in the salon; my friend even took it for a dance around one of the floors. We liked the company of this armless, legless mannequin woman so much we decided to bring her along to the roof; I believe she still resides there today. On one floor we came across rows of shelves that were obviously used to hold 12-inch records. My conclusion was these were used by the Wurlitzer Company for their mailing to help with the organization of the various sized records coming in and going out. Its not entirely known what was done in this building but I can speculate it was most certainly a distribution center for new music being ordered for jukeboxes across the country. The actual manufacturing of the jukeboxes did not take place here. The Company had a small network of other Wurlitzer buildings around the midwest, as well as sales offices in Los Angeles. The bulk of manufacturing went on in the North Tonawanda Manufactures Complex, located near Buffalo, New York. That grand building was the muscle of the Wurlitzer operation and the building here in Detroit (by the looks of it) was strictly sales and shipping.


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After the building ceased to be useful to the Wurlitzer family, it was sold to a real estate investor and developer Gerald Tobin, who let the neglected building become condemned after the heat and water were turned off in 1982, forcing the exodus of its various occupants. Tenants such as a furrier, a photographer, a salon and a record label were all forced out due to the slumlord’s inability to raise capital for the building’s much needed renovations. The building sat rotting away for many years until another controversial landlord, Paul Curtis, purchased the property for just over $210,000. As an owner he has done nothing to fix the building or even preserve it. He is now asking up to $2 million for the property. A hefty sum for a building that has been declared a health safety hazard. Since as far back as 2000, city building inspectors have been writing warnings and documenting the unsafe conditions. Public records show that the city issued tickets in 2003 for falling tiles and a very dangerous fire escape. |
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The city was right in issuing tickets for such an obvious hazard. While exploring the building I was horrified to find that the dilapidated fire escape was secured to the building by nothing more than a rope, 12- gauge wire and some bungee cables. On top of that, the tangled mess of rope and wire was hooked around the drainpipe of a half-scrapped sink just inside the window. The bottom of the drain was already unfastened and ready to buckle under the weight of the dangling metal. Th iron beams of the fire escape had been bent almost in knots and the stairs shredded up to the fifth floor. It precariously dangled in place like that until 2006. On an extraordinarily windy day, as fans packed into Comerica Park to watch the Tigers miracle season unfold, the fire escape creaked and moaned in 60mph wind gust. By 7pm that night the alley was full of onlookers after four floors of the mangled fire escape came crashing to the ground. Nearby business owners took it upon themselves to go inside the Wurlitzer and cut the remaining pieces off with a torch and saws. The picture to the right was taken in 2005 shortly before the collapse. |
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When we reached the penthouse of the Wurlitzer, it was very different than I had imagined it would be. The ceilings were two floors high with large glass block skylights. Pendulum lights dangled from above. I wondered if the original lights, presumably chandeliers, had been stolen or sold and replaced with generic light fixtures. Yellow and beige sandstone walls crumbled to reveal dark rusted mesh used in the 1920’s to hold plaster walls in place. Paint and stone peelings were covering a moist, green mossy floor. Large doorways cut into the dividing walls gave it an Aztec feel. I was pleasantly surprised to find this Spanish-inspired penthouse in the 1920s renaissance revival building. The place was rather shabby and plain, having decayed for 30 years, but glimpses of what it once looked like could be seen in the details.
The mighty Rudolph Wurlitzer and his subsequent lineage likely conducted business inside these very walls. It is also possible the hatchings of the jukebox exemption act were conceived here as well. A law passed in 1909 exempted jukebox owners from paying royalties to performers of music like all other commercial business had to do at the time. This was great for the Wurlitzers and essentially cleared the way for the entire industry. |
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| With that we headed for the roof; the exit was much more like a bunker of sorts with a ladder and hatch that led to a roof. On buildings like this there was no infrastructure like motors or AC units on the roof so there was no real need to ever get up there. A 14-foot climb and 40lb hatch were all that stood in the way of a spectacular view of Downtown. We took pictures of inner city skyline and posed with our new mannequin friend. In the dark it was still easy to admire the beautiful details of the Metropolitan building next door. We also took turns daring each other to jump the 8-foot gap between the two buildings. Thankfully none of us were actually that drunk or stupid. |
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I’m cautiously hopeful the city and the current owner will find a way to keep the Wurlitzer from becoming a pile of rubble. As the DEGC (Detroit Economic Growth Corporation) slowly erodes away our unique urban landscape, I wonder if there will be anything left in ten years; anything other than a sea of trash-strewn parking lots in place of these one-of-a-kind landmarks. If the sayings true; “they don’t build them like they used to”, then we must hold onto these classics and preserve them for future Detroiters to have and appreciate. It’s our culture. Its Detroit pride, and it shouldn’t be for sale.
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Modern Replicas of the classic Wurlitzer Jukeboxes of the 1950's and 60's. |
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